Inaccurate data on forest fuels may stoke B.C. wildfires, study finds
![B.C. wildfires The McDougall Creek wildfire burns on the mountainside above a lakefront home, in West Kelowna, B.C., on Friday, August 18, 2023. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck](/content/dam/ctvnews/en/images/2024/1/8/b-c--wildfires-1-6716739-1704753954115.jpg)
Wildfire fighting and forest management decisions are potentially being hampered by inaccurate government data that misrepresents forest fuel loads in British Columbia's Interior, a new study has found.
The B.C. government says the provincial wildfire service is working with the study's lead author and others to close the data gap, which involves “mismatches” between remotely-sensed mapping, forest fuel classifications, and observations on the ground.
“These mismatches make it difficult for fire managers to accurately determine expected fire behaviour before an event occurs,” the researchers say in the study published in the peer-reviewed journal Fire Ecology last month.
The mismatches may also result in failure to identify at-risk areas that would benefit from work to mitigate the fuel buildup, the paper says.
Understanding the mix of flame-stoking grasses, branches and dead trees in the forest is crucial to managing risk, because those fuels are the only factor that people can change in the short term to influence fire behaviour, it says.
The researchers from the University of B.C. and Canadian Forest Service acknowledge that mapping forest fuels is “notoriously challenging” despite its importance in influencing and predicting wildfire behaviour.
Lead author Jen Baron says fixing the data will help officials identify and respond to fire-prone areas, though will likely require a “huge lift.”
“The challenge is that we're trying to use these fuel-type maps to decide where to put fuel treatments,” she says, referring to measures such as prescribed burning, thinning dense forests, or burning piles of “slash” following logging.
Improving fuel-type mapping willalso help researchers and wildfire officials understand how fuels interact with today's environmental conditions, and with each other, to influence fire behaviour, Baron says.
“What we really need to be able to do is link the fuel conditions, the fire behaviour- things like the rate of spread, the intensity, the flame length - and the weather, so we can understand how they all work together under different scenarios.”
The paper found “poor correspondence” between field observations and government data, specifically B.C.'s vegetation resource index and the national fire behaviour prediction system.
The researchers identified 76 plots in an area known as the Rocky Mountain Trench separating the Columbia and Rocky Mountain ranges in southeastern B.C.
They found “no suitable match” between national system's data and field observations in 58 per cent of the one-hectare plots. A further 42 per cent were “partially suitable,” the paper says.
The national and provincial forest inventory data are largely derived from aerial imaging, and Baron says it was “significantly underestimating” the density of underbrush that serves as a conduit for flames travelling up to the forest canopy.
B.C.'s vegetation resource index was designed to estimate “merchantable timber,” meaning trees to supply the forest industry, says Baron, a sessional lecturer at the department of forest and conservation sciences at the University of British Columbia.
“There's a lot more fuel on the land base than what's merchantable.”
The study also revealed problems with Canada's fire behaviour prediction system when it comes to classifying fuel types in B.C.'s Interior, Baron says.
The existing system uses data from a series of experimental burns 60 years ago, when fire weather and fuel beds were “very different than they are today,” she says.
It was also designed primarily to inform fire suppression in boreal forests and uses 16 fuel types to represent conditions throughout Canada, Baron says.
“There just really aren't enough fuel types to represent the diversity of conditions that we have in Interior B.C.”
One example of a mismatch could be an area with a fuel type listed as mature lodgepole pine forest, but if it had been logged, leaving a buildup of “slash,” Baron says the system may not capture the real fuel load and potential risk.
The provincial wildfire service uses the existing fuel-type mapping,but officials are aware of its limitations and use their own expertise and observations to make decisions about fire suppression and fuel mitigation efforts, she adds.
In an emailed statement, the Forests Ministry says the BC Wildfire Service is working with Baron and other researchers to improve fuel classification.
This spring, Baron will look at how fire behaviour specialists are using the existing data in combination with local knowledge to “calibrate their predictions,” it says.
The B.C. government is also working to improve its forest inventory data by acquiring LiDAR mapping for the whole province. Short for “light detection and ranging,” the aerial mapping process using laser-based technology.
Still, Baron says researchers will also need data from the field, in finer detail than LiDAR can offer, as well as data on fire behaviour under different conditions.
The ministry statement says the BC Wildfire Service has “expanded the research element” of prescribed burning, and fire behaviour observers will accompany front line teams to collect data from active blazes.
At the national level, Baron says work is starting on the “next generation” of Canada's fire behaviour prediction system, though it will take some time.
Canada's 2023 fire season was the most destructive ever recorded. It burned more than 180,000 square kilometres by the end of September, including more than 28,000 square kilometres of land in B.C., where hundreds of homes were destroyed in the Okanagan and Shuswap regions.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published March 3, 2024.
CTVNews.ca Top Stories
![](https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6973608.1721691615!/httpImage/image.png_gen/derivatives/landscape_800/image.png)
2nd woman found dead in English Bay: Vancouver police
For the second time in as many days, a woman's body was found near Vancouver's shoreline Monday.
2 Albertans accused of threatening to kill Trudeau, Freeland, Singh
Men from Edmonton and Calgary are accused of threatening to kill some of Canada's top government leaders.
Athletes show off stylish and expensive team clothing for the 2024 Olympic Games
Canadian athletes attempting to reach the podium at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games will also be looking fashionable for the entire world to see.
Four suicides in New Zealand linked to Ontario's Kenneth Law
New Zealand's coroner has ruled that four of its citizens died after ordering products from an Ontario man who is facing murder charges for selling poisonous substances.
IN PICTURES Here's what Calgary's new event centre 'Scotia Place' will look like
The name of Calgary’s new event centre was unveiled on Monday. The arena will be called Scotia Place.
Toronto woman charged with voyeurism after taking 'intimate' photos during massage: police
A Toronto woman who allegedly took 'intimate' photos of an individual who was getting a massage has been charged with voyeurism, police say.
These are the four leading vice-presidential picks for Kamala Harris' campaign
No one knows the importance of selecting the right running mate better than Vice President Kamala Harris.
Kamala Harris endorsement excites Democrats, but what could it mean for Canada?
U.S. President Joe Biden's endorsement of Vice-President Kamala Harris as his possible replacement stirred excitement among Democrats, but one analyst has concerns about what a potential Harris presidency would mean for Canada.
Harris steps into the limelight. And the coconut trees and memes have followed
If you're trying to get up to speed on Vice President Kamala Harris' swift emergence as Democrats' possible nominee this fall, you really need to know your memes.